/**
 * Research & Development / Persian editorial prototype.
 * Archive: common category template for all four named topics.
 * Single: limited to the owner-review article ID 207.
 * White / institutional blue / minimal red. No generic card-grid aesthetic.
 */
.sc-rd {
  --rd-ink:#203748;
  --rd-strong:#122e47;
  --rd-blue:#096d9e;
  --rd-navy:#073f75;
  --rd-red:#e52c37;
  --rd-line:#dce7ee;
  --rd-soft:#f4f8fa;
  --rd-muted:#597080;
  background:#fff;
  color:var(--rd-ink);
}
.sc-rd a { text-decoration:none; }
.sc-rd a:focus-visible { outline:3px solid var(--rd-blue); outline-offset:3px; }
.sc-rd__intro,.sc-rd__article-header {
  position:relative;
  isolation:isolate;
  background:var(--rd-soft);
  overflow:hidden;
  border-bottom:1px solid #e1ebf1;
}
.sc-rd__intro::after,.sc-rd__article-header::after {
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  z-index:-1;
  width:460px;
  height:460px;
  inset-inline-start:-165px;
  inset-block-start:-65px;
  background:#96c8df;
  opacity:.14;
  mask:url("../../images/brand/logo-mark.png") center/contain no-repeat;
  pointer-events:none;
}
.sc-rd__intro-inner { padding-block:35px clamp(58px,6.2vw,105px); }
.sc-rd__breadcrumb {
  display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;
  gap:8px; margin-bottom:clamp(37px,5.3vw,78px);
  font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; color:#718594;
}
.sc-rd__breadcrumb a { color:#45677d; }
.sc-rd__breadcrumb a:hover { color:var(--rd-blue); text-decoration:underline; }
.sc-rd__intro-heading {
  display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:stretch;
  gap:14px;
}
.sc-rd__eyebrow {
  display:flex; gap:13px; align-items:center;
  margin:0 0 18px; font-size:13px; font-weight:700; color:var(--rd-blue);
}
.sc-rd__accent { width:38px; height:3px; flex:none; background:var(--rd-red); }
.sc-rd__intro h1,.sc-rd__article-header h1 {
  margin:0; color:var(--rd-strong); font-size:clamp(35px,4.05vw,62px);
  font-weight:780; line-height:1.5; letter-spacing:-.035em;
}
/* Approved archive refinement: headline takes the full row; description below. */
.sc-rd--archive .sc-rd__intro h1 {
  max-width:100%;
  font-size:clamp(28px,2.65vw,42px);
  line-height:1.52;
  letter-spacing:normal;
  text-wrap:balance;
}
@media(min-width:1100px) {
  .sc-rd--archive .sc-rd__intro h1 {white-space:nowrap;}
}
.sc-rd--archive .sc-rd__intro-heading {align-items:stretch;gap:10px;}
.sc-rd--archive .sc-rd__intro-description {
  max-width:850px; padding:0;
  font-size:clamp(14px,1.15vw,17px);
  line-height:1.9;
  text-align:right;
}
.sc-rd__intro-description {
  max-width:365px; margin:0;
  padding-bottom:10px;
  font-size:clamp(15px,1.24vw,18px);
  color:#536d7d; line-height:2.05; text-align:right;
}
.sc-rd__body { padding-block:0 clamp(55px,6vw,96px); }
.sc-rd__topics {
  display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));
  align-items:stretch; border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-line);
  padding-top:8px;
  margin-bottom:clamp(35px,5vw,72px);
  gap:0;
}
.sc-rd__topic {
  position:relative; display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center;
  min-height:74px;
  padding:16px 11px;
  text-align:center;
  color:#526b7c; font-weight:600; font-size:clamp(12px,.97vw,15px);
  line-height:1.7;
  border-bottom:3px solid transparent;
  transition:color .2s ease,background-color .2s ease,border-color .2s ease;
}
.sc-rd__topic + .sc-rd__topic { border-inline-start:1px solid #ecf0f3; }
.sc-rd__topic:hover { color:var(--rd-blue); background:#f5f9fb; }
.sc-rd__topic.is-current {
  border-bottom-color:var(--rd-red);
  color:var(--rd-strong);
  background:#f5f9fb;
}
.sc-rd__section-bar {
  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:end;
  gap:20px; padding-bottom:19px;
  border-bottom:2px solid var(--rd-strong);
}
.sc-rd__section-bar h2 {
  font-size:clamp(22px,2vw,30px); line-height:1.5;
  margin:0; color:var(--rd-strong); font-weight:740;
}
.sc-rd__count { color:#718696; font-size:13px; white-space:nowrap; }
.sc-rd__featured {
  display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.05fr) minmax(0,.95fr);
  gap:clamp(27px,4vw,64px);
  align-items:center; margin-top:31px; padding-bottom:clamp(39px,5vw,70px);
}
.sc-rd__featured-media {
  position:relative; display:block; overflow:hidden;
  width:100%; aspect-ratio:1.4;
  background:var(--rd-soft);
  border-radius:2px;
}
.sc-rd__featured-media img {
  width:100%; height:100%; display:block; object-fit:cover;
  transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.19,.7,.24,1);
}
.sc-rd__featured-media:is(:hover,:focus-visible) img { transform:scale(1.035); }
.sc-rd__image-mark {
  position:absolute; inset:12%;
  background:#b0d4e8;
  mask:url("../../images/brand/logo-mark.png") center/contain no-repeat;
  opacity:.33;
}
.sc-rd__featured-copy { padding-inline:3px; }
.sc-rd__story-index {
  margin:0 0 19px; color:var(--rd-blue);
  font-weight:720; font-size:13px; line-height:1.7;
}
.sc-rd__featured-copy h3 {
  margin:0 0 18px; font-size:clamp(25px,2.6vw,39px);
  line-height:1.62; font-weight:740;
}
.sc-rd__featured-copy h3 a,.sc-rd__story h3 a { color:var(--rd-strong); }
.sc-rd__featured-copy h3 a:hover,.sc-rd__story h3 a:hover { color:var(--rd-blue); }
.sc-rd__excerpt {
  margin:0 0 27px;
  color:#617686; line-height:2.05; font-size:15px;
  max-width:48ch;
}
.sc-rd__story-link {
  display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:17px;
  min-height:44px; font-size:14px; font-weight:700; color:var(--rd-blue);
  border-bottom:1px solid #a4c6d9; padding-bottom:5px;
}
.sc-rd__story-link:hover { color:var(--rd-strong); border-color:var(--rd-strong); }
.sc-rd__story { display:grid; grid-template-columns:58px minmax(0,1fr) 54px;
  align-items:start; gap:22px;
  padding-block:30px; border-top:1px solid var(--rd-line);
}
.sc-rd__story-number {
  font:500 25px/1.3 system-ui,sans-serif;
  color:#b3c7d4;
  padding-top:3px;
}
.sc-rd__story h3 {
  font-size:clamp(20px,1.66vw,25px);
  line-height:1.55; font-weight:680;
  margin:0 0 8px;
}
.sc-rd__story p {
  font-size:14px; line-height:1.95; color:var(--rd-muted);
  margin:0; max-width:89ch;
}
.sc-rd__story-arrow {
  display:grid;place-items:center;
  width:43px;height:43px;
  font-size:22px; color:var(--rd-blue);
  border:1px solid #cadbe6; border-radius:50%;
  transition:background-color .2s ease,color .2s ease;
}
.sc-rd__story-arrow:hover { background:var(--rd-blue); color:#fff; }
.sc-rd__collection .navigation.pagination {
  border-top:1px solid var(--rd-line); padding-top:24px;
}
.sc-rd__collection .nav-links { display:flex; gap:12px; }
.sc-rd__collection .page-numbers { padding:9px; color:var(--rd-blue); }
.sc-rd__empty {
  max-width:770px; margin:0 auto clamp(70px,7vw,120px);
  padding:clamp(40px,6vw,90px) clamp(20px,5vw,70px);
  background:var(--rd-soft); border-top:3px solid var(--rd-blue);
  text-align:center;
}
.sc-rd__empty .sc-rd__story-index { margin-bottom:16px; }
.sc-rd__empty h2 {
  font-size:clamp(24px,2.9vw,36px);
  color:var(--rd-strong);line-height:1.6;
  margin:0 0 12px;
}
.sc-rd__empty p:not(.sc-rd__story-index) {line-height:2;color:var(--rd-muted);margin:0 0 22px;}
.sc-rd__outro {
  display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;
  margin-top:45px; padding:23px 0;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rd-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-line);
  color:#4d687c; font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;
}
.sc-rd__outro a {color:var(--rd-blue);font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap;}
.sc-rd__outro a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}

/* --- Single article: editorial opening, generous print-like text column. --- */
.sc-rd__article-header .sc-container { padding-block:30px clamp(40px,5vw,78px); }
.sc-rd__article-header .sc-rd__breadcrumb { margin-bottom:clamp(34px,5vw,66px); }
.sc-rd__article-title-group { max-width:990px; }
.sc-rd__article-header h1 {
  max-width:960px; margin:0;
  font-size:clamp(38px,3.6vw,56px); line-height:1.52;
}
.sc-rd__article-lead {
  max-width:870px; font-size:clamp(17px,1.45vw,22px);
  margin:25px 0 0; line-height:2;
  color:#4d687b;
  text-align:right;
}
.sc-rd__article-visual {
  position:relative; display:block; padding:0;
  margin:clamp(24px,3.5vw,49px) 0 0;
  width:100%; aspect-ratio: 2.3;
  overflow:hidden; background:#e6eef3;
}
.sc-rd__article-visual img {
  display:block; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover;
}
.sc-rd__article-visual-mark {
  position:absolute;pointer-events:none;
  inset-inline-start:0; inset-block-end:0;
  height:11px; width:24%;background:var(--rd-red);
}
.sc-rd__article-layout {
  display:grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 245px;
  gap:clamp(30px,6vw,95px);
  padding-block:clamp(43px,6vw,91px);
  align-items:start;
}
.sc-rd__article-aside {
  grid-column:2; grid-row:1;
  border-top:2px solid var(--rd-navy);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-line);
  padding-block:25px;
}
.sc-rd__article-aside-inner {display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:13px;}
.sc-rd__aside-label {font-size:12px;font-weight:700;color:var(--rd-blue);}
.sc-rd__article-aside strong {
  font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;font-weight:670;color:var(--rd-strong);
}
.sc-rd__aside-divider {width:35px;height:2px;background:var(--rd-red);margin-block:5px;}
.sc-rd__article-aside a {color:var(--rd-blue);font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;font-weight:680;}
.sc-rd__article-aside a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}
.sc-rd__article-text {
  grid-column:1; grid-row:1;
  max-width:800px; min-width:0;
  font-size:clamp(16px,1.27vw,19px);
  line-height:2.18; color:#2c4554;
  overflow-wrap:break-word;
  text-align:right;
}
.sc-rd__article-text p {
  margin:0 0 1.48em;
  text-align:right !important;word-spacing:normal !important;
}
.sc-rd__article-text > p:first-child {
  font-size:1.11em;color:#1f3a4c;
}
.sc-rd__article-text :is(h2,h3,h4) {
  color:var(--rd-strong); font-weight:740;
  line-height:1.6; margin:2em 0 .7em;
}
.sc-rd__article-text h2 {font-size:clamp(24px,2.05vw,32px);border-inline-start:3px solid var(--rd-red);padding-inline-start:16px;}
.sc-rd__article-text h3 {font-size:clamp(20px,1.7vw,25px);}
.sc-rd__article-text :is(ul,ol) {padding-inline-start:1.7em;margin:0 0 1.6em;}
.sc-rd__article-text li {margin-bottom:.5em;}
.sc-rd__article-text img {height:auto;max-width:100%;}
.sc-rd__article-text a {text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px;color:var(--rd-blue);}
.sc-rd__article-text blockquote {border-inline-start:3px solid var(--rd-blue);padding:12px 18px;background:#f3f8fb;margin:1.8em 0;}
.sc-rd__article-text table {display:block;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;}
.sc-rd__article-end {
  display:flex;gap:25px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;
  padding:35px 0 50px;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-line);
}
.sc-rd__article-end h2 {margin:0;font-size:clamp(23px,2.1vw,33px);line-height:1.6;color:var(--rd-strong);}
.sc-rd__article-end .sc-rd__story-index {margin:0 0 8px;}
.sc-rd__article-end > a {
  display:inline-flex;min-height:44px;align-items:center;gap:10px;
  padding:10px 17px;border:1px solid var(--rd-blue);
  color:var(--rd-blue);font-size:14px;font-weight:730;
}
.sc-rd__article-end > a:hover {background:var(--rd-blue);color:#fff;}

@media(max-width:980px){
  .sc-rd__intro-heading {grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;}
  .sc-rd__intro-description {max-width:680px;}
  .sc-rd__featured {grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:25px;}
  .sc-rd__article-layout {grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:27px;}
}
@media(max-width:700px){
  .sc-rd__intro-inner {padding-block:22px 44px;}
  .sc-rd__breadcrumb {gap:6px;margin-bottom:31px;font-size:11px;}
  .sc-rd__eyebrow {margin-bottom:12px;font-size:12px;}
  .sc-rd__intro h1 {font-size:clamp(30px,7.2vw,37px);line-height:1.62;}
  .sc-rd__intro-description {font-size:14px;line-height:1.95;}
  .sc-rd__topics {
    display:flex;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;
    overscroll-behavior-inline:contain;
    margin-inline:calc(-1 * var(--sc-space-md,16px));
    padding-inline:var(--sc-space-md,16px);
    margin-bottom:33px;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;
  }
  .sc-rd__topic {
    flex:0 0 auto;min-height:65px;
    min-width:185px;max-width:225px;
    font-size:12px;padding:12px 13px;
    scroll-snap-align:start;
  }
  .sc-rd__featured {grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:23px;padding-bottom:35px;}
  .sc-rd__featured-media {aspect-ratio:16 / 10;}
  .sc-rd__featured-copy h3 {font-size:25px;margin-bottom:12px;}
  .sc-rd__story-index {font-size:12px;margin-bottom:9px;}
  .sc-rd__excerpt {font-size:14px;margin-bottom:16px;}
  .sc-rd__story {grid-template-columns:35px minmax(0,1fr) 36px;gap:10px;padding-block:19px;}
  .sc-rd__story-number {font-size:15px;}
  .sc-rd__story h3 {font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;}
  .sc-rd__story p {
    display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;
    overflow:hidden;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;
  }
  .sc-rd__story-arrow {width:33px;height:33px;font-size:18px;}
  .sc-rd__outro {flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:14px;margin-top:27px;}
  .sc-rd__article-header .sc-container {padding-block:21px 36px;}
  .sc-rd__article-header h1 {font-size:clamp(29px,7vw,37px);line-height:1.65;}
  .sc-rd__article-lead {font-size:16px;margin-top:17px;}
  .sc-rd__article-visual {aspect-ratio:16 / 10;margin-top:18px;}
  .sc-rd__article-layout {display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:31px;padding-block:39px;}
  .sc-rd__article-text {order:0;font-size:16px;line-height:2.06;}
  .sc-rd__article-aside {order:1;width:100%;padding-block:17px;}
  .sc-rd__article-end {flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:17px;padding-block:25px 42px;}
  .sc-rd__empty {padding:39px 19px;margin-bottom:35px;}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .sc-rd__featured-media img,.sc-rd__topic,.sc-rd__story-arrow {transition:none!important;transform:none!important;}
}

/* Category topic scroller stays inside the viewport on RTL phones. */
@media (max-width:700px) {
  html[lang="fa-IR"] .sc-rd__topics {
    margin-inline:0;
    padding-inline:0;
    max-inline-size:100%;
    overflow-x:auto;
  }
}

/* Four research destinations must all be discoverable without a horizontal
   gesture on mobile: deliberate 2×2 category index rather than hidden tabs. */
@media (max-width:700px) {
  html[lang="fa-IR"] .sc-rd__topics {
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));
    max-width:100%;
    gap:0;
    overflow:visible;
    padding:0;
    border-top:1px solid #e4edf2;
  }
  html[lang="fa-IR"] .sc-rd__topic {
    width:100%;
    min-width:0;
    max-width:none;
    min-height:78px;
    padding:11px 8px;
    line-height:1.65;
    font-size:12px;
    border-bottom:1px solid #e3edf2;
  }
  html[lang="fa-IR"] .sc-rd__topic:nth-child(2n+1) {
    border-inline-start:0;
  }
  html[lang="fa-IR"] .sc-rd__topic.is-current {
    box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 #e52c37;
    border-bottom-color:#e3edf2;
  }
}


@media(max-width:700px) {
  .sc-rd--archive .sc-rd__intro h1 {
    white-space:normal;
    font-size:clamp(27px,6.6vw,34px);
    line-height:1.55;
  }
  .sc-rd--archive .sc-rd__intro-description {
    max-width:none;
    font-size:13px;
    line-height:1.85;
    margin-top:2px;
  }
}